September 17, 2002
The universe has spent billions of years making things that shine. On your birthday, we celebrate one of its quieter masterpieces.
A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect
Birthday · September 17, 2002
A little universe, just for you
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APOD published September 17, 2002. Credit: Umar Mohideen (U. California at Riverside). A publication-date match, not a photo taken on your date. Independent of NASA.
This tiny ball provides evidence that the universe will expand forever. Measuring slightly over one tenth of a millimeter, the ball moves toward a smooth plate in response to energy fluctuations in the vacuum of empty space. The attraction is known as the Casimir Effect, named for its discoverer, who, 50 years ago, was trying to understand why fluids like mayonnaise move so slowly. Today, evidence is accumulating that most of the energy density in the universe is in an unknown form dubbed dark energy. The form and genesis of dark energy is almost completely unknown, but postulated as related to vacuum fluctuations similar to the Casimir Effect but generated somehow by space itself. This vast and mysterious dark energy appears to gravitationally repel all matter and hence will likely cause the universe to expand forever. Understanding vacuum fluctuations is on the forefront of research not only to better understand our universe but also for stopping micro-mechanical machine parts from sticking together.
Image credit: Umar Mohideen (U. California at Riverside)