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Birthday · December 23, 1995

Prometheus, Pandora and Saturn's F Ring

December 23, 1995

The story of your birthday began billions of years before calendars existed, in furnaces of light and clouds of dust.

Prometheus, Pandora and Saturn's F Ring

A little universe, just for you

Your date.
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APOD published December 23, 1995. Full image credits are on the original APOD entry below. A publication-date match, not a photo taken on your date. Independent of NASA.

Behind the image

Prometheus, Pandora and Saturn's F Ring

Original APOD · December 23, 1995

The third and fourth innermost moons of Saturn were unexpectedly discovered to be gravitational "shepards." The inner moon Prometheus and the outer moon Pandora use their gravitational attraction to define Saturn's outermost ring. Were any of the smaller chunks of ice and rock that compose Saturn's F Ring to stray, the ring particle would be gravitationally pulled back into place by one of these passing moons. This complex interaction creates a ring structure with two narrow braids and several unusual knots.

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