April 15, 2007
Another birthday means another year in which the universe got to experience itself through your particular combination of wonder and will.
M3: Inconstant Star Cluster
Birthday · April 15, 2007
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APOD published April 15, 2007. Credit: J. Hartman & (Harvard CfA) & K. Stanek (Ohio State U.). A publication-date match, not a photo taken on your date. Independent of NASA.
Star clusters appear constant because photographs of them are frozen in time. In reality, though, cluster stars swarm the center and frequently fluctuate in brightness. Although the time it takes for stars to cross a cluster is about 100,000 years, the time it takes for a star to fluctuate noticeably can be less than one night. In fact, the above time lapse movie of bright globular cluster M3 was taken over a single night. Most of the variable stars visible above are RR Lyrae stars, stars that can quickly double their brightness while becoming noticeably bluer. Furthermore, RR Lyrae stars vary their light in a distinctive pattern that allows unique identification. Lastly, since RR Lyrae stars all have the same intrinsic brightness, identifying them and measuring how dim they appear tells how far they are, since faintness means farness. These distances, in turn, help calibrate the scale of the entire universe.
Image credit: J. Hartman & (Harvard CfA) & K. Stanek (Ohio State U.)